Although it took place over only 18 days, the 2011 egyptian revolution was a. One is extremely optimistic, holding that egypt is forging its way to. The egyptian revolution, political level problems and governance. Economic conditions in egypt prior to 25th of january revolution. The twoway human rights groups say the situation in egypt is worse now than it was under dictator hosni mubarak. Egyptian and arab revolution scholarship 7 this collection includes papers, presentations, and research findings related to the january 25th revolution and arab spring authored by. Egyptian revolution fighting during the 2011 uprising many factors created discontent with mubaraks regime. Although 18 months have passed since hosni mubarak resigned from the presidency, the egyptian economy is still stagnant.
On the political side, there are many reasons that trigger the bullet to revolution, such as the thirty years of mubarak ruling. The path to a successful economic transition in egypt. The expectation gap in the egyptian economy after the january 25th. The changes in economic policy and the partial liberalization of the economy, even though they did improve annual gdp growth, were highly unpopular, particularly because most benefits of this growth were reaped by a small group of. Days after a popular uprising in tunisia, known as the jasmine revolution, forced pres. The economic decline of egypt after the 2011 uprising.
Egyptian revolution, it is worth elaborating on the economic, social, and political circumstances of egypt prior to the 25th of january revolution. Finance numbers given by the government last month draw a negative picture of the economy, after real gdp rate reached 7 percent three years ago. Workers grievances were rooted in their opposition to the drive toward the privatization of public sector enter. As the political climate worsened after the january 25, 2011 revolution, egypts longstanding structural challengesincluding high public debt, poorly targeted subsidies, a growing public. The egyptian revolution carries a challenging transition phase, starting out with problems such as low foreign direct investments fdi, a high budget deficit, a high debt rate, a high.
Most causes of the 2011 egyptian revolution against mubarak also existed in 1952, when the free officers ousted king farouk. Egypts 2011 revolution sent seismic tremors through the countrys econ omy. The government of egypt, supported by the world bank group, has achieved significant results across all three focus areas under this cpf. Egyptian and arab revolution scholarship 7 this collection includes papers, presentations, and research findings related to the january 25th revolution and arab spring authored by auc faculty and students. This paper suggests a growing significance of the economic motives of social and political change through highlighting the economic dimensions of egypt before 25th january 2011. The arab world has been moving towards change in successive events since the beginning of 2011. About egypts economy egypts economy in 2011 banks in egypt could record a wave of cash withdrawals when they resume their operations, such examples have included companies among the hardest hit violent protests against president hosni mubarak, says bloomberg. The economic causes of the egyptian revolution january 25, 2011. Egypts economy after 2011 revolution financial tribune. The expectation gap in the egyptian economy after the january. Despite the political uncertainty, egypts economy maintained a growth of 1. Jan 25, 2011 egyptian revolution fighting during the 2011 uprising many factors created discontent with mubaraks regime. A new cause of the arab spring is the increase in population, which increased unemployment.
The first condition was fully satisfied in the movement that began on january 25 th, 2011. After providing a brief overview of egypt s history of revolution and rebellion before 1952, i analyze the following aspects of the relationship between state power and the public under gamal abdel nasser, anwar sadat, and hosni mubarak. Authorities are gradually opening up the economy again, after containment measures were imposed in march to slow the spread of coronavirus, which included the suspension of flights and the temporary closure of most businesses, in addition to nightly curfews. Economic and social reasons for the egypts january 25 revolution the egyptian revolution will not succeed until it establishes a new system that eliminates the causes of the revolution, which. Economic causes of the egyptian revolution the future of. A report on the egyptian tax system english the world bank. A year ago, egypts economy had been crushed by political turmoil. But experts doubt, this sum would be enough for the egyptian economy to keep going. Egyptian government officials were open about their goal of raising tax revenues. On 25 january 2011, known as the day of anger arabic. Tough living conditions followed the states 2017 reformist economic policies which included a series of decisions, from reducing subsidies on energy to devaluing the local pound.
Egypt celebrates on saturday the fifth anniversary of the june 30 revolution that toppled the muslim brotherhoodaffiliated president mohamed morsi, after one year in power during which the country suffered fierce political conflicts and social splits that threatened the future of the nation. Moreover, the status quo ante has been discredited, as the january 25 revolution attested, so its economic and political models provide only limited foundations, at best, for erecting ne. Timeline of the egyptian revolution of 2011 wikipedia. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The arab spring had culminated in a military takeover and the installation of the current president, abdel fattah alsisi. Nasser also led the drive towards industrialization, establishing large steel mills, chemical plants, and textile factories. Domestic demand was the driving engine of growth as it contributed 5. How egypt rebuilt its economy since june 30 revolution. A crowd of demonstrators walks through cairo on january 25, 2011, to demand the end of president hosni mubaraks nearly 30 years in power. In addition to the revenue it provides, each tax affects the efficiency of the decisions that egyptian. Tough economic times are likely to be egypts reality for a while, despite the announcement that egypt and the international monetary fund have agreed to. Authorities are gradually opening up the economy again, after containment measures were imposed in march to slow the spread of coronavirus, which included the suspension of flights and the temporary closure of.
The economy of egypt was a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution under. Economic and social reasons for the egypts january 25 revolution the egyptian revolution will not succeed until it establishes a new system that eliminates the causes of. Even before the revolution in 2011, you had 10 percent unemployment and 25 percent youth unemployment. Oct 31, 2014 a year ago, egypts economy had been crushed by political turmoil. This change resulted in successful and semi successful revolutions. After the 1952 revolution, president nasser turned egypt into a stateled economy accompanied by the nationalization of industries and the redistribution of agricultural lands, which benefited small farmers. Activists in egypt call for an uprising in their own country, to protest against poverty. Accordingly, the research objectives are as follows. Prior to the revolution on the 25th of january, the economy in egypt as a whole was performing better than ever. Egypts economy after 2011 revolution as egypt marked the fifth anniversary of the 2011 revolution on 25 january, it looks back on five years of rapid political change, social dislocation and.
The economic situation in egypt opinion ahram online. Economic performance in egypt has been poor since the revolution began in. This paper aims to shed light on the egyptian socioeconomic and political conditions seven years post the 2011 revolution. The expectation gap in the egyptian economy after the. The following is a guest post contributed by editors at. The continuance of tax incentives and production subsidies should be. Inflation was the first side effect faced by the egyptian economy following the economic reforms, as it skyrocketed to an alltime high of 33% a few months after the currency floatation that took place in november 2016. Their structural crisis of legitimacy and the closure of nearly all channels of.
Before the revolution foreign investments either through directly investing in infrastructure projects or buying factories, or financial investments into the egyptian stock market or government bonds. Jun 09, 20 egypts economy has gone through a threestage transformation, daoud explains. Moreover, the status quo ante has been discredited, as the january 25 revolution attested, so its economic and political models provide only limited foundations, at best, for erecting new ones. Egypts economy has gone through a threestage transformation, daoud explains. One is extremely optimistic, holding that egypt is forging its way to a resplendent period of economic progress and. Political stability and economic growth outcome are deeply interrelated.
People who produce half a revolution dig their own grave. The egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact doaa s. Five years after the 2011 revolution, egypt s economy is floundering and remains far from recovery. Pdf the egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact. The economic impact of the egyptian political crisis.
In the two years since the revolution, egypts economic performance has been weak. In addition to the revenue it provides, each tax affects the. Jul 03, 20 even before the revolution in 2011, you had 10 percent unemployment and 25 percent youth unemployment. The imf has estimated egypts gross domestic product growth will pick up only slightly in 2012, to 1. The egyptian revolution and post socioeconomic impact. While the army has benefitted most from the revolutionits image has been. Egyptian government revenues depend importantly on two indirect taxes on imports and on sales and on two direct taxes on business and personal. The economic situation in egypt in the context of political. Zine alabidine ben ali from power, protests against the first demonstrations occurred in tunisia in december 2010, triggered by the selfimmolation of a young man frustrated by tunisias high unemployment rate and rampant police corruption. A chronicle of the revolution that ended the threedecadelong presidency of hosni mubarak. Nasser also led the drive towards industrialization, establishing.
Impact of the socioeconomic situation post egyptian revolution 2011. Egypt economy gdp, inflation, cpi and interest rate. When the egyptian debt crisis of 198290 forced it to go to the. Impact of the socio economic situation post the egyptian revolution 2011 people who lived below the po verty line reached 27% according to the. Feb 01, 2011 how the egyptian revolution impacts world economy posted on february 1, 2011 by egypt crisis six days of riots have suppressed almost 5% of gdp in egypt, but without tourism the country, the persian gulf countries stock markets are falling and oil prices rose by 4% worldwide reaching the maximum level of the last 28 months. How the egyptian revolution impacts world economy egypt. There are two general prognoses for the egyptian economy after the revolution. The egyptian revolution carries a challenging transition phase, starting out with problems such as low foreign direct investments fdi, a high budget deficit, a high debt rate, a high unemployment rate, a high poverty rate, and a low standard of living. Economic and social reasons for the egypts january 25 revolution.
How the egyptian revolution impacts world economy posted on february 1, 2011 by egypt crisis six days of riots have suppressed almost 5% of gdp in egypt, but without tourism the country, the persian gulf countries stock markets are falling and oil prices rose by 4% worldwide reaching the maximum level of the last 28 months. Abdou and others published the egyptian revolution and post. The economic causes of the egyptian revolution january 25. With the resignation of hosni mubarak after 30 years of ruling egypt, the nation must now recover from the month long revolution that led to mubaraks resignation. Financial development and economic growth in egypt. Activities increased in most of the sectors, though exports shrunk by 0. Successive egyptian governments have struggled to develop a vision for a new economic model for egypt, while simultaneously implementing populist policies to appease the immediate demand of the public. The egyptian pound fell to an historic low against the dollar at just 16 cents despite vigorous support from the central bank. Already there was a sense of a lack of opportunity and declining social mobility. Since the january 2011 revolution, egypt has been gripped by deepening stagflation. The egyptian revolution on january 25, 2011 was a transformative event, both at the political and economic domains, resulting in long lasting and wide implications throughout the arab and the developing worlds. Many groups in egypt are working for political change progressive and regressive, transparent and dubious and the stakes are high because the power of the mubarak regime has not been relinquished in substance.
The government also tried to increase the tax on truck freight and to increase taxes on cement and molasses. Challenges of egypts economic transition carnegie endowment. Nevertheless, amid the post resignation celebrating, the realities of egypts future may not be what the antimubarak. The economic roots of egypts crisis the washington post. As egypt marks the fifth anniversary of the 2011 revolution on 25 january, it looks back on five years of rapid political change, social dislocation and economic turmoil. Jan 30, 2018 as the political climate worsened after the january 25, 2011 revolution, egypts longstanding structural challengesincluding high public debt, poorly targeted subsidies, a growing public. An important analysis of the egyptian revolution and counter.
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