Muzaffarpur district in bihar has seen a massive outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome or chamki fever. More than 400 children with aes have been admitted to various hospitals. A guide for general practitioners gps general practitioners gps are often the first port of call for many people with a brain injury and are an important ally in their journey to recovery. As well as acute encephalitis, adem and ahle, viral encephalitis also includes slow viral and chronic degenerative diseases of presumed viral origin. This condition occurs when a virus or other agent directly infects the brain. Article pdf available in the national medical journal of india 306. Incidence of japanese encephalitis among acute encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis.
Bihar has recorded 188 cases of acute encephalitis syndrome, with 45 deaths, since january. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy genetic and rare diseases. It may also be caused by an infection in another part of your body, which can later lead to encephalitis. In rare cases it can be caused by bacteria or even fungi. Acute childhood encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Most infected patients have a mild syndrome of meningoencephalitis rather than severe encephalitis. Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis. Differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis is wide and includes other infections of the central nervous system cns, autoimmune diseases such as adem, limbic encephalitis, rasmussens syndrome, and metabolic diseases. Challenges and the way forward aakash shrivastava abstract japanese encephalitis, an arboviral infection, is a serious public health problem in the asian region. Viral encephalitis is inflammation of the brain due to a viral infection. The first epidemic outbreak of acute encephalites syndrome appeared in north. Sep 09, 2016 acute encephalitis syndrome aes is characterized by an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestation that includes mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy ane is a rare disease characterized by brain damage encephalopathy that usually follows an acute febrile disease, mostly viral infections most of the reported cases are from previously healthy japanese and taiwanese children, but it is now known that the disease may affect anybody in the world. It is a disease of major public health importance because of its epidemic potential and high case fatality rate. Acute encephalitis in immunocompetent adults the lancet. The recent data estimated the death of more than 140 children in bihars muzaffarpur district due to acute encephalitis syndrome. Unfortunately, in some people, both of the diseases may coexist and lead to a more complex diagnosis and treatment plan. Acute encephalitis syndrome national health portal of india. Pdf neuropsychological sequelae of acuteonset sporadic. Both of the diseases may be present at the same time, and both conditions share many of the same symptoms so they may be difficult to distinguish.
Guidelines for treatment of acute encephalitis syndrome. Mar 27, 2019 other research focuses on finding better ways ot prevent, treat, and ultimately cure progressive neurological disorders such as rasmussens encephalitis by understanding the neuroinflammatory process in re and ways to stop the brain inflammation. Acute encephalitis syndrome yogiraj ray md tropical medicine assistant professor calcutta school of tropical medicine 2. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a group of clinically similar neurologic manifestation caused by several different viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, chemical toxins etc 1. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is characterized by an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestation that includes mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma.
There have been substantial advances in the recognition and treatment of autoimmune causes of encephalitis, particularly encephalitis associated with antibodies to neuronal cellsurface and synaptic antigens. Usa, and not in the uk, while japanese encephalitis is a major problem in asia, and is the most important cause of epidemic encephalitis worldwide, causing up to 15000 deaths annually. Auto immune diseases due to nmdar or lgi1 antibodies a can also g. Japanese encephalitis je is a major public health problem in asia and worldwide and it is responsible mainly for viral acute encephalitis. Aetiology and laboratory diagnosis of acute encephalitis. Pdf acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. It follows the child and their familys journey from the hospital ward, to the rehabilitation setting, school and home, hoping to direct them through the maze of health care, education and social services. Case 1 15 years old boy from dhapa, near kolkata fever for 7days initially low grade, then high grade from next day with chills headache 5 episodes of gtcs in 3 days. Encephalitis is a rare condition, but that doesnt mean you shouldnt be prepared to both recognize it and battle it. Encephalitis is most often caused by an infectious organism but also may be caused by noninfective agents, such as lead or arsenic. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is characterized by an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestation that includes mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma 1. The data are then merged at the state level, collated and immediately.
Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a clinical condition caused by infection with japanese encephalitis virus jev or other infectious and noninfectious causes. This definition means encephalitis is different from meningitis, which is defined as inflammation of the layers of tissue, or membranes, covering the brain. Inflammation may also affect structures such as the spinal cord and meninges. There may also be symptoms of meningitis, such as a severe headache, sensitivity to bright lights, a stiff neck and a spotty rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. Acute encephalitis syndrome latest breaking news, pictures, photos and video news. Japanese encephalitis associated acute encephalitis syndrome. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain tissue. Jan 15, 2015 acute encephalitis is a severe neurologic syndrome. Apr 18, 2020 acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a viral disease, which causes mild flulike symptoms such as high fever, convulsions, and headaches. Worldwide it has been estimated that around 40% of encephalitis cases are infectious, 40% are due to unknown causes and at least 20% are autoimmune. Status and trend of acute encephalitis syndrome and japanese. Explore acute encephalitis syndrome photos and videos on. Approximately seven per 100,000 people were hospitalized for encephalitis in the us during this time. Encephalitis caused by a virus is known as viral encephalitis.
Acute encephalitis syndrome latest breaking news, pictures, videos, and special reports from the economic times. You can catch these infections from someone else, but encephalitis itself is not spread from person to person. Cognitive changes after encephalitis the encephalitis. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Possible factors causing acute encephalitis syndrome outbreak. This booklet provides key information about the type of issues that people may have after encephalitis, why rehabilitationsupport from professionals and families are important and what options for self. There is seasonal and geographical variation in the causative organism 2. Read about the latest medical research on encephalitis, including risk factors and new experimental treatments. This disease wreaks havoc especially in the season of litchi fruit. The emergence of unusual forms of zoonotic encephalitis has posed an important public health problem. Encephalitis is a serious condition affecting the brain that requires prompt treatment to lower the risk of lasting complications or death. Viral causes account for the largest proportion, but in the last decade there has been growing recognition of antineuronal antibody syndromes. Diagnosing and managing acquired brain injury abi including encephalitis, in adults and children.
Dial 999 immediately to request an ambulance if you or someone else has serious symptoms of encephalitis. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a clinical condition, of which the most. It mostly spreads every year in the summertime ahead of rainfall. Viral encephalitis may be caused by many different viruses, including the following.
Vaccination and vector control measures are useful preventive strategies in certain arboviral and zoonotic encephalitis. Encephalitis is an inflammatory process involving the brain that is usually caused by infection, either viral or bacterial. Viruses have been mainly attributed to be the cause of aes in india although other sources such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, chemical, and toxins have been reported over the past few decades 1. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis still has an unacceptably high mortality herpes simplex virus hsv is a human herpesvirus that causes hsv encephalitis hse, which is the commonest fatal sporadic encephalitis in humans. What is acute encephalitis syndrome and what is its major.
Oct 30, 2017 the easiest way to remember is that anything that ends with itis has to do with inflammation of that particular part. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes after the outbreak of je in gorakhpur and basti divisions in eastern uttar pradesh during 2005who, 2010. Guideline for management of acute encephalitis syndrome. Acute encephalitis syndrome surveillance, kushinagar district. The number of cases of encephalitis has not changed much over time, with about 250,000 cases a year from 2005 to 2015 in the us. In 2014, approximately 91 children died because of this disease. Subclinical encephalitis occurs in many viral illnesses, but only a limited number of viruses produce clinically significant encephalitis. All casualties are children, the maximum in muzaffarpur 43 recorded in june. Causes of encephalitis include viruses, bacteria, parasites, chemicals, and even autoimmune reactions. The infection may be concentrated in one area or widespread. Acute encephalitis syndrome blogs, comments and archive news on.
Acute encephalitis syndrome surveillance, kushinagar. A primary infection may be a reactivation of a virus that had been inactive after a previous illness. Neuropsychological sequelae of acuteonset sporadic viral. It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5. Under it teams will go door to door in every village of states 75 districts to create awareness about communicable diseases as well as acute encephalitis syndrome and japanese encephalitis. It occurs more often in the first year of life and decreases with age. Systematic approach to the differential diagnosis of. Sharp decline in acute encephalitis syndrome, japanese encephalitis deaths, says up govt. Case 5months old male, first born to a 2nd degree consanguinous parents who was previously normal brought with co of fever for 5 days,followed by seizures during defervesence period. Acute encephalitis syndrome case based discussion dr. Mar 23, 2018 sharma s, mishra d, aneja s, kumar r, jain a, vashishta vm. The highly affected states include andhra pradesh, assam, bihar, goa. It is commonly seen in children younger than 15 years.
Etiology, acute encephalitis syndrome, japanese encephalitis, uttar pradesh. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is characterized by an acute fever attack and clinical neurological manifestations that include mental confusion, disorientation, delirium or coma. In rare cases, encephalitis is caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites. Symptoms of aes, colloquially known as chamki bukhar, may include. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. According to national vector borne diseases control programme nvbdcp, 10,485 aes cases were diagnosed in 2018 with 632 deaths across 17 states. Migraine and headache glossary webmd medical reference sources. A confirmed etiology is generally not required for the clinical management of aes. Herpes simplex encephalitis genetic and rare diseases. In recent times, acute encephalitis syndrome aes, an unexplained mysterious disease is affecting people, especially young children below the age of 15 years in few asian countries. Encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the brain.
Encephalitis means direct microbial infection of the brain and is almost always caused by viruses. For example, pharyngitis has to do with inflammation of your pharynx, commonly referred to as your throat. The many etiologic agents of infectious encephalitis include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, and causes of noninfectious origin include immunemediated, metabolic, and toxic conditions. The symptoms of encephalitis are usually sudden and severe. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a term used by who for syndromic surveillance in the context of japanese encephalitis je 2. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Request pdf on jan 1, 2004, pradeep jha and others published guidelines for treatment of acute encephalitis syndrome find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a serious public health problem in. Guidelines for surveillance of acute encephalitis syndrome. Encephalitis is not the same as meningitis, which is inflammation of the membranes covering the brain.
Its especially dangerous because its symptoms are hard to connect and very common. Every year sporadic je cases are reported from the various districts of west bengal, indicating its endemicity in this state. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes, which has claimed more than 100 lives in bihars muzaffarpur region, is a serious neurological illness that causes inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis is a condition of inflammation of the brain parenchyma, occurs as a result of infectious or autoimmune causes, and can lead to encephalopathy, seizures, focal neurological deficits, neurological disability, and death. The severity can be variable with symptoms including. Feb 23, 2017 acute necrotizing encephalopathy ane is a rare disease characterized by brain damage encephalopathy that usually follows an acute febrile disease, mostly viral infections most of the reported cases are from previously healthy japanese and taiwanese children, but it is now known that the disease may affect anybody in the world. Infectious encephalitis, also called primary encephalitis, is a direct result of an organism germ infecting the brain, most often this is a virus. Viruses have been mainly attributed to be the cause of aes in india although other sources such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, chemical, and toxins have been reported over the past few decades. However, we need better antiviral therapy to meet the challenge of acute viral encephalitis more effectively. Viruses have been mainly attributed to be the cause of aes in india although other sources such as bacteria, fungus, parasites, spirochetes, chemical, and. Personality changes, irritability, or emotional outbursts. Inflammation of the brain tissue is called encephalitis. Usually it results from viruses like herpes simplex encephalitis or japanese encephalitis.
Guidelines regarding the diagnosis and treatment of encephalitis have recently been published by the infectious diseases society of america. In india, quality surveillance for acute encephalitis syndrome aes, including laboratory testing, is necessary for understanding the epidemiology and etiology of aes, planning interventions, and developing policy. Aetiology and laboratory diagnosis of acute encephalitis syndrome with special reference to india vasanthapuram ravi, reeta mani, sunil govekar, anita desai, latha lakshman, bv ravikumar abstract acute encephalitis syndrome aes which encompasses infections of the central. Explore acute encephalitis syndrome photos, videos, on. Pdf status and trend of acute encephalitis syndrome and. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, often caused by a viral infection. The districts sensitive for the vectorborne diseases such as encephalitis, dengue, kalaazar, malaria, chickungunya, etc. What is the difference between encephalitis and encephalopathy. Other causes of acute viral encephalitis are rabies virus, poliovirus, and measles virus. Encephalitis in children a guide the encephalitis society.
Consensus guidelines on evaluation and management of suspected acuteviral encephalitis in children in india. Encephalitis in children a guide is a comprehensive information resource aiming to improve the quality of life of children affected by encephalitis and their families. This paper will focus on some specific viral encephalitis. Find acute encephalitis syndrome news headlines, photos, videos, comments, blog posts and opinion at the indian express. Symptoms of encephalitis vary depending on the affected area of the brain, but often include headache, sensitivity to. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is characterized by an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestation that includes mental. Herpes simplex encephalitis is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by inflammation of the brain. What is acute encephalitis syndrome causes, symptoms and. Acute encephalitis syndrome what is acute encephalitis syndrome causes, symptoms and treatment. May 25, 2017 acute encephalitis syndrome case based discussion dr. Possible factors causing acute encephalitis syndrome outbreak in. When these cells have swelling or any other discomfort, this is called acute encephalitis syndrome. Data were cleaned, incidence was determined, and demographic.
Je vaccination programme has been undertaken by the state health department of west bengal. Most cases of acute encephalitis are caused due to a certain kind of virus and are more often than not fatal. Acute encephalitis, also known as virus encephalitis or aseptic encephalitis, is a rare condition of brain inflammation that mostly affects children, the elderly, or people who have a weak immune system. In the usa, by estimation, 20,000 cases occur every year. Cognition refers to mental processes such as attention, memory, language, problem solving, decision making, planning and organisation. The outbreak of this disease is common during monsoon. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a group of neurological disorders, that affects the brain and limbs, and caused by viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasites, or chemical toxins.
Japanese encephalitis je is the most important cause of acute and epidemic viral encephalitis. Most encephalitis viruses are mosquitoborne viruses that can produce a range of effects in humans. Get latest acute encephalitis syndrome news in hindi, updates and stories. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a serious public health problem in india. Infectious encephalitis, exposure to pesticides, and a potential association with litchi fruit consumption comprise the spectrum of causes for acute encephalitis syndrome. The immune system protects the body from illness and infection. In addition to viral encephalitis, a severe form of leptospirosis. In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4. Acute encephalitis syndrome is an infective or inflammatory condition affecting the brain. There are millions of cells and nerves in our brain.
Other people are left with significant aftereffects. Clinicoetiological profile and predictors of outcome in acute. The very young and older adults are more likely to have a severe case. Information from the national library of medicines medlineplus encephalitis. Acute encephalitis syndrome aes is a clinical condition, of which the. To identify infectious etiologies of encephalitis in thailand, we conducted surveillance in 7 hospitals during july 2003august 2005 and selected patients with acute onset of brain dysfunction with fever or hypothermia and with abnormalities seen on neuroimages or. Answer encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, usually caused by bacteria or infection. Pdf acute encephalitis syndrome and its alleged litchi.
1531 183 1225 347 372 1430 983 400 1244 1438 863 405 1000 1060 1246 1234 516 678 1005 1614 695 990 943 528 867 259 1405 67 1286 278 1411 251 674 797 1094 843 433 92 503 333